Colon and rectal surgery refers to surgical interventions performed to treat various diseases in the final part of the digestive system, which includes the colon (large intestine) and rectum. These surgeries are typically performed for conditions such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), diverticulitis, polyps, and rectal prolapse.
Surgical removal of colon cancer helps prevent the spread of the disease and can extend life expectancy when performed early.
Surgical treatment of rectal cancer. The cancerous area of the rectum is removed so that the disease can be controlled.
Removal of the infected and damaged part of the diverticula. This prevents recurrent inflammation.
Removal of polyps in the intestine. Removing polyps is a preventive step against colon cancer.
In which cases is it applied?
1. Colon and Rectal Cancer: In colon and rectal cancers, surgical removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue is necessary to prevent the spread of the disease. When diagnosed early, this surgical procedure can extend life expectancy and improve quality of life.
2. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Surgical intervention may also be necessary in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions cause inflammation and damage to the intestines. Surgery can help control symptoms by removing the damaged portion of the intestine.
3. Diverticulitis: Diverticulitis, which occurs when small pockets (diverticula) in the colon become infected, may require surgical treatment in severe cases. Removing the infected or damaged portion of the intestine can help prevent the recurrence of the disease.
4. Polyps: Polyps that develop in the colon can carry a risk of turning into cancer over time. Surgical removal of these polyps can help prevent the development of cancer.
5. Rectal Prolapse:Rectal prolapse is a condition where the rectum protrudes outside the anus. Surgical intervention is performed to correct this condition and help the patient regain normal quality of life.
Surgical Methods
The main methods used in colon and rectal surgery are as follows:
- Laparoscopic Surgery: Laparoscopy, a minimally invasive method, allows surgery to be performed with smaller incisions. It offers less pain, a faster recovery process, and a shorter hospital stay.
- Open Surgery This method, used for more complex and extensive surgeries, involves making a larger incision in the abdominal area. It is preferred for tumors with widespread spread or severe bowel damage.
- Colostomy and Ileostomy: After bowel surgery, a temporary or permanent stoma may be created in the abdominal area to allow the passage of stool outside the body. A colostomy is created in the large intestine, while an ileostomy is created in the small intestine.
Postoperative Process
The recovery process after colon and rectum surgery depends on the type of surgery and the patient's overall health. Recovery tends to be faster after laparoscopic surgeries, while it may take longer after open surgeries. Patients should pay attention to their digestive system after surgery, follow an appropriate diet, and attend regular doctor check-ups.
Colon and rectum surgery plays a vital role in the treatment of many serious digestive system diseases. These surgical interventions, performed for conditions such as cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, polyps, and other issues, are effective in improving patients' quality of life and preventing long-term health problems.
